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Moses · Traditional Attribution

Leviticus · Chapter 14וַיִּקְרָא

Rituals for cleansing the healed leper and contaminated houses

Purity restored through elaborate ceremony. After declaring the principles for diagnosing skin diseases in chapter 13, Leviticus 14 prescribes the multi-stage purification rituals required when someone is healed or when a house shows signs of contamination. The chapter details two phases for cleansing a healed person—an initial outdoor ceremony followed by a week-long process culminating in sacrificial offerings—and concludes with procedures for dealing with defiling molds in houses.

Leviticus 14:1-32

Purification Ritual for Healed Skin Diseases

1Then Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 2"This shall be the law of the leper in the day of his cleansing. Now he shall be brought to the priest, 3and the priest shall go out to the outside of the camp. Thus the priest shall look, and behold, if the infection of leprosy has been healed in the leper, 4then the priest shall command that two live clean birds and cedar wood and scarlet string and hyssop be taken for the one who is to be cleansed. 5The priest shall also command that one of the birds be slaughtered in an earthenware vessel over running water. 6As for the live bird, he shall take it together with the cedar wood and the scarlet string and the hyssop, and shall dip them and the live bird in the blood of the bird that was slaughtered over the running water. 7He shall then sprinkle seven times the one who is to be cleansed from the leprosy and shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the live bird go free over the open field. 8And the one to be cleansed shall wash his clothes and shave off all his hair and bathe in water and be clean. Now afterward, he may enter the camp, but he shall stay outside his tent for seven days. 9Now it will be on the seventh day that he shall shave off all his hair: he shall shave his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair. He shall then wash his clothes and bathe his body in water and be clean. 10"Then on the eighth day he is to take two male lambs without blemish, and a yearling ewe lamb without blemish, and three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering, and one log of oil; 11and the priest who pronounces him clean shall present the man who is to be cleansed and the offerings before Yahweh at the doorway of the tent of meeting. 12Then the priest shall take the one male lamb and bring it for a guilt offering, with the log of oil, and present them as a wave offering before Yahweh. 13Next he shall slaughter the male lamb in the place where they slaughter the sin offering and the burnt offering, at the place of the sanctuary—for the guilt offering, like the sin offering, belongs to the priest; it is most holy. 14The priest shall then take some of the blood of the guilt offering, and the priest shall put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 15The priest shall also take some of the log of oil, and pour it into his left palm; 16the priest shall then dip his right-hand finger into the oil that is in his left palm, and with his finger sprinkle some of the oil seven times before Yahweh. 17And of the remaining oil which is in his palm, the priest shall put some on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, on the blood of the guilt offering; 18while the rest of the oil that is in the priest's palm, he shall put on the head of the one to be cleansed. So the priest shall make atonement on his behalf before Yahweh. 19The priest shall next offer the sin offering and make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. Then afterward, he shall slaughter the burnt offering. 20And the priest shall offer up the burnt offering and the grain offering on the altar. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be clean. 21"But if he is poor and his means are insufficient, then he is to take one male lamb for a guilt offering as a wave offering to make atonement for him, and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering, and a log of oil, 22and two turtledoves or two young pigeons which are within his means, the one shall be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering. 23Then the eighth day he shall bring them for his cleansing to the priest, at the doorway of the tent of meeting, before Yahweh. 24And the priest shall take the lamb of the guilt offering and the log of oil, and the priest shall present them for a wave offering before Yahweh. 25Next he shall slaughter the lamb of the guilt offering; and the priest is to take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. 26The priest shall also pour some of the oil into his left palm; 27and with his right-hand finger the priest shall sprinkle some of the oil that is in his left palm seven times before Yahweh. 28The priest shall then put some of the oil that is in his palm on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, on the place of the blood of the guilt offering. 29Moreover, the rest of the oil that is in the priest's palm he shall put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement on his behalf before Yahweh. 30He shall then offer one of the turtledoves or young pigeons, which are within his means. 31He shall offer what he can afford, the one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering, together with the grain offering. So the priest shall make atonement before Yahweh on behalf of the one to be cleansed. 32This is the law for him in whom there is an infection of leprosy, whose means are limited for his cleansing."
1וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ 2זֹ֤את תִּֽהְיֶה֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת הַמְּצֹרָ֔ע בְּי֖וֹם טָהֳרָת֑וֹ וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ 3וְיָצָא֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְרָאָה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֛ה נִרְפָּ֥א נֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֖עַת מִן־הַצָּרֽוּעַ׃ 4וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלָקַ֧ח לַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר שְׁתֵּֽי־צִפֳּרִ֥ים חַיּ֖וֹת טְהֹר֑וֹת וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב׃ 5וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפּ֣וֹר הָאֶחָ֑ת אֶל־כְּלִי־חֶ֖רֶשׂ עַל־מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ 6אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֤ר הַֽחַיָּה֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֹתָ֔הּ וְאֶת־עֵ֥ץ הָאֶ֛רֶז וְאֶת־שְׁנִ֥י הַתּוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֶת־הָאֵזֹ֑ב וְטָבַ֨ל אוֹתָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַֽחַיָּ֗ה בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחֻטָ֔ה עַ֖ל הַמַּ֥יִם הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ 7וְהִזָּ֗ה עַ֧ל הַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר מִן־הַצָּרַ֖עַת שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְטִ֣הֲר֔וֹ וְשִׁלַּ֛ח אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֥ר הַֽחַיָּ֖ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ 8וְכִבֶּס֩ הַמִּטַּהֵ֨ר אֶת־בְּגָדָ֜יו וְגִלַּ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֗וֹ וְרָחַ֤ץ בַּמַּ֙יִם֙ וְטָהֵ֔ר וְאַחַ֖ר יָב֣וֹא אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְיָשַׁ֛ב מִח֥וּץ לְאָהֳל֖וֹ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ 9וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י יְגַלַּ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֗וֹ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֤וֹ וְאֶת־זְקָנוֹ֙ וְאֵת֙ גַּבֹּ֣ת עֵינָ֔יו וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֖וֹ יְגַלֵּ֑חַ וְכִבֶּ֣ס אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וְרָחַ֧ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֛וֹ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָהֵֽר׃ 10וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י יִקַּ֤ח שְׁנֵֽי־כְבָשִׂים֙ תְּמִימִ֔ם וְכַבְשָׂ֥ה אַחַ֛ת בַּת־שְׁנָתָ֖הּ תְּמִימָ֑ה וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן וְלֹ֥ג אֶחָ֖ד שָֽׁמֶן׃ 11וְהֶעֱמִ֞יד הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַֽמְטַהֵ֗ר אֵ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר וְאֹתָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ 12וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֗ד וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֛וֹ לְאָשָׁ֖ם וְאֶת־לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן וְהֵנִ֥יף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 13וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֶת־הַכֶּ֗בֶשׂ בִּ֠מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֧ט אֶת־הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ כִּ֡י כַּ֠חַטָּאת הָאָשָׁ֥ם הוּא֙ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא׃ 14וְלָקַ֣ח הַכֹּהֵן֮ מִדַּ֣ם הָאָשָׁם֒ וְנָתַן֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַל־תְּנ֛וּךְ אֹ֥זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ 15וְלָקַ֥ח הַכֹּהֵ֖ן מִלֹּ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן וְיָצַ֛ק עַל־כַּ֥ף הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַשְּׂמָאלִֽית׃ 16וְטָבַ֤ל הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־אֶצְבָּע֣וֹ הַיְמָנִ֔ית מִן־הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־כַּפּ֖וֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑ית וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַשֶּׁ֧מֶן בְּאֶצְבָּע֛וֹ שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 17וּמִיֶּ֨תֶר הַשֶּׁ֜מֶן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ יִתֵּ֤ן הַכֹּהֵן֙ עַל־תְּנ֞וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִ֑ית עַ֖ל דַּ֥ם הָאָשָֽׁם׃ 18וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר בַּשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַכֹּהֵ֔ן יִתֵּ֖ן עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 19וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַטָּ֔את וְכִפֶּ֕ר עַל־הַמִּטַּה

Leviticus 14:33-53

Purification Ritual for Contaminated Houses

33Then Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying, 34"When you come into the land of Canaan, which I give you for a possession, and I put a mark of leprosy on a house in the land of your possession, 35then the one who owns the house shall come and tell the priest, saying, 'Something like a mark of leprosy has become visible to me in the house.' 36And the priest shall command that they empty the house before the priest goes in to see the mark, so that everything in the house need not become unclean; and afterward the priest shall go in to see the house. 37So he shall look at the mark, and behold, if the mark on the walls of the house has greenish or reddish depressions and appears deeper than the surface, 38then the priest shall come out of the house, to the doorway, and shut up the house for seven days. 39And the priest shall return on the seventh day and look, and behold, if the mark has spread in the walls of the house, 40then the priest shall command that they tear out the stones with the mark in them and throw them away at an unclean place outside the city. 41And he shall have the house scraped all around inside, and they shall pour out the plaster that they scrape off at an unclean place outside the city. 42Then they shall take other stones and replace those stones, and he shall take other plaster and replaster the house. 43If, however, the mark returns and breaks out in the house after he has torn out the stones and scraped the house, and after it has been replastered, 44then the priest shall come in and look, and behold, if the mark has spread in the house, it is a malignant leprosy in the house; it is unclean. 45He shall therefore tear down the house, its stones, and its timbers, and all the plaster of the house, and he shall bring them out to an unclean place outside the city. 46Moreover, whoever goes into the house during the time that he has shut it up shall be unclean until evening. 47Likewise, whoever lies down in the house shall wash his clothes, and whoever eats in the house shall wash his clothes. 48If, on the other hand, the priest comes in and looks, and behold, the mark has not spread in the house after the house has been replastered, then the priest shall pronounce the house clean because the mark has not reappeared. 49To cleanse the house then, he shall take two birds and cedar wood and a scarlet string and hyssop, 50and he shall slaughter the one bird in an earthenware vessel over running water. 51Then he shall take the cedar wood and the hyssop and the scarlet string, with the live bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird as well as in the running water, and sprinkle the house seven times. 52He shall thus cleanse the house with the blood of the bird and with the running water, along with the live bird and with the cedar wood and with the hyssop and with the scarlet string. 53However, he shall let the live bird go free outside the city into the open field. So he shall make atonement for the house, and it will be clean."
33וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר׃ 34כִּ֤י תָבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם לַאֲחֻזָּ֑ה וְנָתַתִּי֙ נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת בְּבֵ֖ית אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם׃ 35וּבָא֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִגִּ֥יד לַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּנֶ֕גַע נִרְאָ֥ה לִ֖י בַּבָּֽיִת׃ 36וְצִוָּ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן וּפִנּ֣וּ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת בְּטֶ֨רֶם יָבֹ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ לִרְא֣וֹת אֶת־הַנֶּ֔גַע וְלֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּ֑יִת וְאַ֥חַר כֵּ֛ן יָבֹ֥א הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ 37וְרָאָ֣ה אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ בְּקִירֹ֣ת הַבַּ֔יִת שְׁקַֽעֲרוּרֹ֖ת יְרַקְרַקֹּ֣ת א֣וֹ אֲדַמְדַּמֹּ֑ת וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֥ן שָׁפָ֖ל מִן־הַקִּֽיר׃ 38וְיָצָ֧א הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מִן־הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־פֶּ֣תַח הַבָּ֑יִת וְהִסְגִּ֥יר אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ 39וְשָׁ֥ב הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וְרָאָ֕ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בְּקִירֹ֥ת הַבָּֽיִת׃ 40וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְחִלְּצוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲבָנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן הַנָּ֑גַע וְהִשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אֶתְהֶן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 41וְאֶת־הַבַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ מִבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֑יב וְשָֽׁפְכ֗וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָפָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְצ֔וּ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 42וְלָקְחוּ֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים אֲחֵר֔וֹת וְהֵבִ֖יאוּ אֶל־תַּ֣חַת הָאֲבָנִ֑ים וְעָפָ֥ר אַחֵ֛ר יִקַּ֖ח וְטָ֥ח אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ 43וְאִם־יָשׁ֤וּב הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ וּפָרַ֣ח בַּבַּ֔יִת אַחַ֖ר חִלֵּ֣ץ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֛י הִקְצ֥וֹת אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וְאַחֲרֵ֥י הִטּֽוֹחַ׃ 44וּבָא֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְרָאָ֕ה וְהִנֵּ֛ה פָּשָׂ֥ה הַנֶּ֖גַע בַּבָּ֑יִת צָרַ֨עַת מַמְאֶ֥רֶת הִ֛וא בַּבַּ֖יִת טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ 45וְנָתַ֣ץ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת אֶת־אֲבָנָיו֙ וְאֶת־עֵצָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲפַ֣ר הַבָּ֑יִת וְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 46וְהַבָּא֙ אֶל־הַבַּ֔יִת כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הִסְגִּ֣יר אֹת֑וֹ יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ 47וְהַשֹּׁכֵ֣ב בַּבַּ֔יִת יְכַבֵּ֖ס אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וְהָאֹכֵ֣ל בַּבַּ֔יִת יְכַבֵּ֖ס אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃ 48וְאִם־בֹּ֨א יָבֹ֜א הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְרָאָה֙ וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂ֤ה הַנֶּ֙גַע֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת אַחֲרֵ֖י הִטֹּ֣חַ אֶת־הַבָּ֑יִת וְטִהַ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת כִּ֥י נִרְפָּ֖א הַנָּֽגַע׃ 49וְלָקַ֛ח לְחַטֵּ֥א אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת שְׁתֵּ֣י צִפֳּרִ֑ים וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב׃ 50וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הָאֶחָ֑ת אֶל־כְּלִי־חֶ֖רֶשׂ עַל־מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ 51וְלָקַ֣ח אֶת־עֵֽץ־הָ֠אֶרֶז וְאֶת־הָ֨אֵזֹ֜ב וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁנִ֣י הַתּוֹלַ֗עַת וְאֵת֮ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַֽחַיָּה֒ וְטָבַ֣ל אֹתָ֗ם בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחוּטָ֔ה וּבַמַּ֖יִם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים וְהִזָּ֥ה אֶל־הַבַּ֖יִת שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ 52וְחִטֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפּ֔וֹר וּבַמַּ֖יִם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים וּבַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַחַיָּ֗ה וּבְעֵ֥ץ הָאֶ֛רֶז וּבָאֵזֹ֖ב וּבִשְׁנִ֥י הַתּוֹלָֽעַת׃ 53וְשִׁלַּ֞ח אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֧ר הַֽחַיָּ֛ה אֶל־מִח֥וּץ לָעִ֖יר אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֥ר עַל־הַבַּ֖יִת וְטָהֵֽר׃
33waydabber yhwh ʾel-mošeh weʾel-ʾaharon leʾmor. 34ki taboʾu ʾel-ʾereṣ kenaʿan ʾašer ʾani noten lakem laʾaḥuzzah wenatatti negaʿ ṣaraʿat bebet ʾereṣ ʾaḥuzzatkem. 35ubaʾ ʾašer-lo habbayit wehiggid lakkohen leʾmor kenegaʿ nirʾah li babbayit. 36weṣiwwah hakkohen upinnu ʾet-habbayit beṭerem yaboʾ hakkohen lirʾot ʾet-hannegaʿ weloʾ yiṭmaʾ kol-ʾašer babbayit weʾaḥar ken yaboʾ hakkohen lirʾot ʾet-habbayit. 37weraʾah ʾet-hannegaʿ wehinneh hannegaʿ beqirot habbayit šeqaʿarurot yeraqraqqot ʾo ʾadamdammot umarʾehen šapal min-haqqir. 38weyaṣaʾ hakkohen min-habbayit ʾel-petaḥ habbayit wehisgir ʾet-habbayit šibʿat yamim. 39wešab hakkohen bayyom haššebiʿi weraʾah wehinneh paśah hannegaʿ beqirot habbayit. 40weṣiwwah hakkohen weḥilleṣu ʾet-haʾabanim ʾašer bahen hannagaʿ wehišliku ʾethen ʾel-miḥuṣ laʿir ʾel-maqom ṭameʾ. 41weʾet-habbayit yaqṣiaʿ mibbayit sabib wešapeku ʾet-heʿapar ʾašer hiqṣu ʾel-miḥuṣ laʿir ʾel-maqom ṭameʾ. 42welaqeḥu ʾabanim ʾaḥerot wehebiʾu ʾel-taḥat haʾabanim weʿapar ʾaḥer yiqqaḥ weṭaḥ ʾet-habbayit. 43we

Leviticus 14:54-57

Summary Statement on Skin Disease and Contamination Laws

54This is the law for any mark of leprosy—even for a scale, 55and for the leprous garment or house, 56and for a swelling, and for a scab, and for a bright spot— 57to teach when it is unclean and when it is clean. This is the law of leprosy.
54זֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה לְכָל־נֶ֥גַע הַצָּרַ֖עַת וְלַנָּֽתֶק׃ 55וּלְצָרַ֥עַת הַבֶּ֖גֶד וְלַבָּֽיִת׃ 56וְלַשְׂאֵ֥ת וְלַסַּפַּ֖חַת וְלַבֶּהָֽרֶת׃ 57לְהוֹרֹ֕ת בְּי֥וֹם הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבְי֣וֹם הַטָּהֹ֑ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַצָּרָֽעַת׃
54zōʾt hattôrâ lᵉkol-negaʿ haṣṣāraʿat wᵉlannāteq. 55ûlᵉṣāraʿat habbeged wᵉlabbāyit. 56wᵉlaśśᵉʾēt wᵉlassappaḥat wᵉlabbehāret. 57lᵉhôrōt bᵉyôm haṭṭāmēʾ ûbᵉyôm haṭṭāhōr zōʾt tôrat haṣṣāraʿat.
תּוֹרָה tôrâ law / instruction / teaching
From the root ירה (yārâ), "to throw, cast, shoot," and by extension "to point out, direct, instruct." Torah is not merely legal code but divine pedagogy—God's gracious instruction for covenant life. In Leviticus it appears as the technical summary formula (zōʾt hattôrâ, "this is the law") marking the conclusion of major ritual sections. The term encompasses both the specific regulations and the broader covenantal framework within which Israel learns holiness. The Septuagint renders it nomos, which Paul will later contrast with grace, though the Hebrew concept is richer, emphasizing relationship and formation rather than bare obligation.
נֶגַע negaʿ mark / plague / affliction
From the verb נגע (nāgaʿ), "to touch, strike, reach," this noun denotes a physical manifestation that has "touched" or "struck" a person, garment, or structure. Throughout chapters 13–14, negaʿ serves as the umbrella term for all suspect conditions requiring priestly examination. The semantic range includes both disease symptoms and structural contaminations, reflecting Israel's holistic understanding of purity. The term's root connection to "touch" underscores the contagious nature of uncleanness and the need for careful boundaries. In the prophets, negaʿ occasionally carries metaphorical weight for divine judgment (Isaiah 53:4, 8).
צָרַעַת ṣāraʿat skin disease / leprosy / scale condition
The precise medical identification of ṣāraʿat remains debated; it encompasses a range of skin conditions, molds, and structural deteriorations rather than Hansen's disease alone. The root צרע may relate to "strike down" or "humiliate," though etymology is uncertain. What is clear is the term's ritual significance: ṣāraʿat renders one unclean, requiring isolation and priestly mediation for restoration. The Septuagint's lepra and Vulgate's lepra influenced English "leprosy," but the Hebrew category is broader. Miriam's punishment (Numbers 12:10) and Naaman's healing (2 Kings 5) demonstrate ṣāraʿat's theological freight as both judgment and occasion for divine mercy.
נֶתֶק neteq scale / scall / itch
From נתק (nātaq), "to tear away, pull off," this term designates a specific scalp or beard condition described in Leviticus 13:29–37. The neteq involves yellowish thin hair and spreading patches, requiring quarantine and examination. The root's connotation of "tearing away" may reflect either the hair loss associated with the condition or the social "tearing away" of the afflicted from community. The priestly diagnostic criteria for neteq are remarkably detailed, distinguishing it from ordinary baldness and requiring careful observation over time. This precision underscores the priest's role as both spiritual and communal health guardian.
יָרָה yārâ (hiphil: hôrâ) to teach / instruct / direct
The hiphil infinitive construct lᵉhôrōt in verse 57 ("to teach") derives from the same root as tôrâ. In the hiphil stem, yārâ means "to point out, show, instruct"—the causative of the basic "throw, shoot" sense. Here it captures the pedagogical purpose of the entire ritual system: not arbitrary taboo but instruction in discernment. The priest's role is fundamentally didactic, teaching Israel "when it is unclean and when it is clean." This verb choice frames purity law as wisdom literature, training the covenant community in moral and spiritual perception. The repetition of root ירה in verses 54 and 57 creates an inclusio emphasizing teaching as both content and goal.
טָמֵא ṭāmēʾ unclean / impure / defiled
The adjective ṭāmēʾ and its verbal cognates form the negative pole of Leviticus's purity system. The root's etymology is obscure, but its semantic field encompasses ritual, moral, and physical contamination. Uncleanness is not sin per se but a state incompatible with Yahweh's holy presence, requiring purification before worship or community reintegration. The contrast "in the day of the unclean and in the day of the clean" (v. 57) structures time itself around purity categories. Uncleanness can be contracted through contact, bodily discharge, death, or certain foods, creating a comprehensive symbolic order that trains Israel in holiness. The New Testament will radicalize this category, locating defilement in the heart (Mark 7:14–23) while maintaining the underlying concern for fitness to approach God.
טָהוֹר ṭāhôr clean / pure / undefiled
The antonym of ṭāmēʾ, ṭāhôr denotes the state of ritual purity necessary for participation in Israel's cultic and communal life. The root טהר (ṭāhar) appears in both qal ("be clean") and piel ("cleanse, purify") forms throughout Leviticus 14. Cleanness is not merely negative (absence of contamination) but positive fitness for sacred encounter. The priestly declaration "he is clean" (14:7, 20) effects social and spiritual restoration, not just medical diagnosis. Psalm 51:10's plea "Create in me a clean heart" (lēb ṭāhôr) extends the category inward, anticipating the New Covenant's internalization of purity. The binary "unclean/clean" structures Israel's symbolic universe, making holiness tangible and teachable.

Verses 54–57 form a colophon or summary statement (zōʾt hattôrâ, "this is the law") that closes the extended legislative unit on skin diseases and contaminations begun in chapter 13. The structure is chiastic: verse 54 opens with the summary formula and specifies two human conditions (negaʿ haṣṣāraʿat, neteq), verse 55 addresses two inanimate objects (garment, house), verse 56 returns to three human symptoms (swelling, scab, bright spot), and verse 57 concludes with the pedagogical purpose and a second summary formula. This ABBA′ pattern (human-inanimate-human-purpose) mirrors the legislative sequence itself, which alternated between bodily and structural contaminations.

The syntax of verse 57 is particularly significant. The infinitive construct lᵉhôrōt ("to teach") governs the temporal phrases bᵉyôm haṭṭāmēʾ ûbᵉyôm haṭṭāhōr, literally "in the day of the unclean and in the day of the clean." The preposition bᵉ with yôm creates a temporal-circumstantial sense: the law teaches discernment *in the moment* of evaluation, equipping the priest (and by extension the community) to make real-time judgments. The repetition of bᵉyôm emphasizes that purity is not static but situational, requiring ongoing assessment. The final clause, zōʾt tôrat haṣṣāraʿat, echoes the opening zōʾt hattôrâ, creating an inclusio that frames the entire section as unified instruction.

The rhetorical effect is to transform what might appear as tedious casuistry into a coherent pedagogical system. The catalogue in verses 54–56 is not exhaustive repetition but strategic summary, hitting the major categories (scale, garment-contamination, house-contamination, bodily symptoms) to demonstrate the law's comprehensive scope. The movement from specific cases to general principle (v. 57) invites the reader to internalize the logic of purity discernment rather than merely memorize rules. This is Torah as wisdom: teaching Israel to see the world through the lens of holiness, to distinguish the clean from the unclean in every sphere of life.

The double use of the root ירה (tôrâ in v. 54, hôrōt in v. 57) is no accident. It frames the entire purity code as instruction, not arbitrary taboo. The priest is fundamentally a teacher, and the rituals are fundamentally lessons. This pedagogical emphasis anticipates Deuteronomy's call to "teach [these words] diligently to your children" (6:7) and grounds Israel's identity as a people formed by divine instruction. The unclean/clean binary is not an end in itself but a means of training perception, cultivating a community alert to the presence and absence of holiness.

Holiness is not intuitive; it must be taught. The closing formula of Leviticus 14 reminds us that discernment between clean and unclean, sacred and profane, is a learned skill requiring both divine instruction and communal practice. God's law is not burden but gift—the gracious pedagogy by which a redeemed people learns to live in the presence of a holy God.

"Yahweh" for יהוה—Though not appearing in verses 54–57, the divine name pervades Leviticus 14 (vv. 1, 11, 12, 23, 33), and the LSB's consistent rendering preserves the covenantal intimacy of Israel's relationship with the God who both commands and cleanses. The purity laws are not abstract hygiene but Yahweh's personal instruction to His people.

"Leprosy" for צָרַעַת—While modern scholarship recognizes ṣāraʿat encompasses more than Hansen's disease, the LSB retains "leprosy" in continuity with the Septuagint, Vulgate, and KJV tradition. This choice maintains the term's theological resonance (cf. Luke 17:12–19) while footnotes clarify the broader semantic range. The English reader thus encounters both the historical translation tradition and the ritual-symbolic function of the category.

"Law" for תּוֹרָה—The LSB's rendering of tôrâ as "law" in summary formulas like zōʾt hattôrâ (v. 54, 57) reflects the term's technical legal function in Leviticus, distinguishing it from more general "instruction" or "teaching." This precision helps the reader recognize structural markers in the text while preserving the covenantal-pedagogical nuance elsewhere (e.g., Psalm 119). The law is not legalism but the shape of covenant faithfulness.